The Cause Of The Triassic Jurassic Extinction Is High...

Toxic Compounds Another theory that some proposed as the cause of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction is high levels of toxic compounds released from volcanic activity. Directly around volcanic activity in the rift zone, there perhaps would have been high levels of Fluorine and Chlorine, both of which could have directly poisoned organisms. These large ejections of Chlorine and Fluorine could have led to ozone depletion and acid rain (McHone 2003). However, due to the fact that high levels of either of these compounds would have caused extinction without prejudice, the actual role that toxic compounds played during the Triassic-Jurassic extinction is hard to predict and study (Hautmann 2012). Sea-level Changes There is another theory proposed that posits that rapid sea level regression followed quickly by transgression caused the mass extinction, at least in the marine realm. According to Schoene and Geux (2010), ÃŽ ´18O values from fossil oysters suggest cool ocean temperatures immediately following the negative ÃŽ ´13C excursion followed by a period of warming. As shown in figure 2, during a time spanning approximately 300,000 years there was a positive carbon isotope anomaly (corresponding with a decrease in sea level along with cooling and glaciation) followed by a period of higher sea levels and a negative carbon isotope anomaly. These findings are consistent with rapid sea level regression-transgression lasting only approximately 290,000 years, which can only be explained

School District V. Schempp - 1618 Words

Abington School District v. Schempp is a 1963 Supreme Court Case that challenged religious prayer and teachings in Pennsylvania public schools. The Pennsylvania law made it a requirement for schools in all districts to read from the Bible (at least 10 verses) every day before class began. There was also a clause included in the state action that allowed for any child to be excused from the reading with specific permission from their parent or guardian. The question that this case asks is if it is unconstitutional for public schools to mandate children to partake in Bible teachings and practices before classes began. The reason this case was heard in front of the Supreme court is because the Abington School District wanted to reverse an earlier decision by a district court. The district court decided in favor of the Schempp family and found that forced prayer in public schools, even with an opt out clause, still violates the Constitution under the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Once the case was heard in front of the United States Supreme Court, eight out of the nine justices agreed with the previous district court’s ruling and found that prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. II. In Abington, Pennsylvania, the Schempp Family sent their two children to Abington Senior High. The eldest son, Ellory, had graduated previously and was exempt from the case. The case was brought forward by the father, Edward Schempp, on behalf of his children Roger and Donna. TheyShow MoreRelatedSchool District V. Schempp : Establishment Clause1178 Words   |  5 PagesAbington School District v. Schempp Markham, 2 Abington School District v. Schempp Markham, 1 Abington School District v. Schempp: Establishment Clause Jordan Markham Liberty High School 2A Many people in today?s society are caught taking advantage of the rights they have been given. As the Americans we are, we have rights that pertain to freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition. These fundamental freedoms have allowed us as American citizens to be able to live our lives withoutRead More The Removal of Prayer from Public Schools Essay4217 Words   |  17 Pages The removal of prayer from public schools is a very controversial and misunderstood debate. This paper will address the history of the debate, common myths and misunderstandings, and the current trends. History of the Debate: Public schools originated in 1647 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and soon spread across New England. They began with an elementary school for every fifty families and a Latin school for every one hundred families. Their mission was toRead MoreThe Relationship Between State and Church Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesEvery person has the human right to engage in worship during public forums. Thus every person has the right to pray in school. When prayer was still allowed in school crime was at a low rate. Basically there was less crime everywhere. We consider the good ole days when basic morals were taught at home. When the difference between right and wrong was enforced. When family and religion was considered the most valuable and precious things to have. Now look at the mess we have created. Children lookRead MoreSupreme Court Cases on Separation of Church and State Clauses1907 Words   |  8 Pagesnot matter what religion you are, but how people’s rights ar e affected. Since the beginning of America, there have been multiple Supreme Court cases in which people, schools and organizations have gone after the right to ban religious affairs in such settings where it should not be exposed, such as public schools. Students are in school to learn about facts and history, not to learn religious thoughts or ideas. The public education system was established so that children can obtain a good educationRead MoreThe American Public School System960 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 17th century, the American public school system was founded and built upon early US colonists’ religious principle and ideologies, which were all a branch or sect of Christianity. The first tax-supported public school in the country in Dedham, Massachusetts was run by Reverend Ralph Wheelock who was a puritan priest. Schools in other parts of the English colonies were run by Jesuits, Catholics, Protestants, Lutherans, and the like. When new territory was claimed from the Native Americans,Read MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1466 Words   |  6 PagesProtestant. This is reflected in early schooling, as many schools that children attended began the day with either prayers, readings from the King James version of the Bible, or some form of praising the Christian God. Over time, our country has shifted away from our devotion to religion. Because less people agree on religion in this country, and because public schools are government entities, as cases about religion and prayer in public schools have come up, religion has been separated from the schoolingRead MorePrayer, Homosexuality, And Alcohol And Drugs1469 Words   |  6 Pagesof keeping or prohibiting prayer in public schools. There were two landmark cases concerning the controversy of prayer in public schools. In the first case, Engel v. Vitale (1962), the State Board of Regents that controlled the public schools in New York were worried about the diminishing of morality. As a result, they required a mandatory religious prayer every morning. This case ruled that this mandatory prayer was unconstitutional because public school employees should not be able to force religionRead MoreA Teachers Rights and Responsibilities Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess in this age group and therefore their work is critical to the wellbeing of society. Regardless of the type of school, all teachers are required to teach and promote fundamental human rights, such as to practice them in their daily work. The Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child and Human Rights require preservation in all fields, with particular emphasis on the school that is the natural space to learn, both in theory and in practice. Teaching is a profession where consistency is requiredRead MorePrayer in Public Schools656 Words   |  3 Pagespublic school. Though each of the clauses are originally applied to the central US government, and the Fourteenth Amendment was extended to scope out the w hole entire First Amendment to all levels of government, including state level. Though urging with force the states and the subject schools adopted an equally separate approach to religion in schools. This issue of the school prayer was seriously decision in the U.S. since the 1900’s. In the 18th, 19th, and the early 20th centuries, schools locatesRead MoreShould Religion Be Removed From Schools? Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesReligion in schools is consistently being disputed among schools, students, and government alike. What reasons are there that justify that religion should be taken out of school? Freedom of religion is a pillar of which that holds the foundation of this country, yet it is so heavily discriminated against. The problem lies not in the various religions but in the lack of protection of religion, especially in schools. As said by Richard W.Riley Public schools can neither foster religion nor preclude

A two

A two-year-old child and an adult friend Essay Crystal (1995) identifies several stages of grammar development running from infancy through to the teenage years. He points out that at the age of about two, children first begin to use grammatical elements. In English, this includes finite auxiliaries (is, was), verbal tense and agreement affixes (-ed and -s), nominative pronouns (I, she), and determiners (the, a). It can be seen that Cindy at the age of 24 months and 16 days, is capable of making simple sentence patterns e. g. they eating (L. 3). She also uses plurals correctly (L.8, they both eat carrots), and uses an s for third person (L. 15, tiger wants to go to sleep). She also seems to be able to use the definite article (L. 5, L. 7). However, it is interesting to see how in L. 12, Patsy is trying to teach Cindy to use definite article correctly by saying the doll which Cindy ignores and continues to refer to her doll as doll (L. 13). This attempt, often employed by adults, to correct childrens grammatical errors is known as recast (Bohannon Stanowicz, 1988). Moreover, in L. 14, Patsy again refers to the tiger but Cindy doesnt imitate this and says tiger in L.15. Although, children often imitate the recasts of their parents or care-takers, one can see that Patsys recasting does not seem to have any immediate effect on Cindys utterance. Numerous studies have been undertaken to find out the importance of recasts in the learning process of children. In one study, undertaken by Morgan, Bonamo ; Travis (1995), three children were taken in to consideration where their parents corrected their grammatical errors by giving recasts for lacking articles about 35% of the time. Nevertheless, the children ignored the recasts and did not start using the articles right away. They also discovered no connection between the rate of occurrence of recasts and the rate at which childrens use of articles expanded over the longer period of time. Thus it can be said that parental recasts do not hasten a childs learning of articles and that children will learn articles at their own pace. However, another study, undertaken by Saxton (1998), proposes that recasts can be quite beneficial at certain points in the learning process, particularly where a child is already using the correct form about 50% of the time. If the forms have already been learnt then recasts might assist children in getting better at using articles that they have already learnt. In this paper it was shown how childrens language develops in its early stages and how the caregivers and family members influence the development of language in these early stages. Moreover, it was highlighted how language learning is seen not as an individual matter but as a collaborative enterprise, involving interaction between the learner and family members and others. Children and adults necessarily learn how to behave as a certain kind of person (a child, girl or boy, student, teacher, politican, etc. ) through their acquisition of English in specific interactions in other words, they take on a set of identities as they learn different aspects of the language. This link between language, interaction and identity lies behind many of the more controversial aspects of the English curriculum. Word Count: 1500 References Aldridge M. (1991), How the language grows up: an outline of how children acquire English as a mother tongue, English Today, no. 25, pp. 14-20 Bancroft D.; Gillen J. (2007) in Mercer, N. , Swann J. , and Mayor B. (2007) Learning English, London, Routledge/Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 5-37 Bohannon, J. N. ; Stanowicz, L. (1988). .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .postImageUrl , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:hover , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:visited , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:active { border:0!important; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:active , .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24 .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cb19379858a6326830222a0722fce24:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Issue Of The Transgender EssayThe issue of negative evidence: adult responses to childrens language errors, Developmental Psychology, no. 24, 684-689 Crystal, D. (1995), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press De Villiers and de Villiers (1979), Early Language, London, Open Books Lenzenweger, M. F (2010), Adult-child interaction boosts mental health http://discovere. binghamton. edu/features/children-3468.html (Accessed on 7 March 2011) Mercer N. (2007) in The Open University (2007) U211 Exploring The English Language, DVD 2, Block C, Unit 17, Section 2: Early Communication, Milton Keynes, The Open University Morgan, J. L. Bonamo, K. M. Travis, L. L. (1995), Negative evidence on negative evidence, Developmental Psychology, 31/2, 180-197 Saxton, M. , Kulcsar, B. , Marshall, G. Rupra, M. (1998), The longer-term effects of corrective input: an experimental approach, Journal of Child Language Vygotsky, L. S (1967), Play and its role in the mental development of the child, Soviet Psychology, vol. 5, pp. 6-18

Washing machines and environmental impact Essay Example

Washing machines and environmental impact Paper Washing machines are second only to toilets as the largest water users in the home, accounting for 14 percent of household water use. Household water consumption has a significant impact on aquatic life, especially when water supplies come from freshwater lakes and streams. The ROI Grander, recently named one of the World Wildlife Funds Top 10 Rivers at Risk, has been so overreacted that saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico has begun moving upstream and endangering native species. O far, 32 Of he rivers 121 native species have been displaced as a result of increased salinity. Just like the ROI Grander, city water supplies are succumbing to saltwater intrusion, which occurs when increased pumping of groundwater allows saltwater pools to infiltrate freshwater supplies, making water unfit for human use. In response, cities are installing energy- intensive desalination plants, which require more fossil- fuel-derived power that, in turn, contributes to global warming. To date, desalination plants can be found in a ewe states and several countries. Energy Issues Keeping washing machines running also requires a great deal of fossil-fuel-supplied energy that, in turn, emits about 1 60 pounds of the green house gas carbon dioxide (CA) per year per machine. Just supplying the water for washing machines consumes a considerable amount of energy. In total, water supply and treatment facilities use about 50 billion kilowatt-hours per year. If 1 out of every 100 IS. S. Moms switched to water-efficient appliances, the energy savings could reach 100 million kHz per year and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 75,000 tons. According to recent U. S. Environmental Protection Agency statistics, at least 36 states are anticipating local, regional or statewide water shortages by 2013. Out West, water conflicts have raged for decades, mainly among farmers, who need water for their crops, and city water consumers. Cities are gradually taking more water, which could me an a long-term struggle for small farmers. We will write a custom essay sample on Washing machines and environmental impact specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Washing machines and environmental impact specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Washing machines and environmental impact specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Pericles Funeral Oration - Thucydides Version

Pericles Funeral Oration - Thucydides Version Pericles funeral oration is a speech written by Thucydides for his history of the Peloponnesian War. Pericles delivers the oration not only to bury the dead, but to praise democracy. Pericles, a great supporter of democracy, was a Greek leader and statesman during the Peloponnesian War. He was so important for Athens that his name defines the age Periclean (The Age of Pericles), a period when Athens rebuilt what had been destroyed during the recent war with Persia (the Greco-Persian or Persian Wars). The people of Athens, including those from the countryside whose land was being pillaged by their enemies, were kept in crowded conditions within the walls of Athens. Near the start of the Peloponnesian War, a plague swept the city. We dont know for sure what the plague disease was. A recent best guess is Typhoid Fever. At any rate, Pericles succumbed to and died from this plague. [Thucydides on the Plague] Prior to the plagues devastation, Athenians were already dying as a result of the war. Pericles delivered a rousing speech lauding democracy on the occasion of funerals, shortly after the start of the war. Thucydides fervently supported Pericles  but was less enthusiastic about the institution of democracy. Under the hands of Pericles, Thucydides thought democracy could be controlled, but without him, it could be dangerous. Despite Thucydides attitude towards democracy, the speech he puts in Pericles mouth supports the democratic form of government. Thucydides, who wrote his Periclean speech for his History of the Peloponnesian War, readily admits his speeches are only loosely based on memory so shouldnt be taken as a verbatim report. In the speech, Pericles says: Democracy allows men to advance because of merit instead of wealth or inherited class.In a democracy, citizens behave lawfully while doing what they like without fear of prying eyes.In a democracy, there is equal justice for all in private disputes. This closely resembles the official attitude of those modern nations that favor democracy. Thucydides writes: Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighbouring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favours the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; if no social standing, advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbour for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawle ss as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace. Source:Pericles Funeral Oration Features on Democracy in Ancient Greece and the Rise of Democracy Ancient Writers on Democracy AristotleThucydides via Pericles Funeral OrationPlatos ProtagorasAeschinesIsocratesHerodotus Compares Democracy With Oligarchy and MonarchyPseudo-Xenophon

An Unending Battle That Brought Us Together

An Unending Battle That Brought Us Together My mother said, â€Å"I have been diagnosed with breast cancer,† with a frightened voice followed by a facial expression of fear. I replied after a moment of silence in an anxious tone, â€Å"Everything is going to be okay don’t worry† and went over to hug her. That night I went to bed thinking about how I hadn’t appreciated my mother enough as I should have, and I could lose her at any given moment. The next day, I made some research on what breast cancer was since I wasn’t very informed on this topic all I knew is that when I heard the word cancer the thought of death raced immediately into my mind. However, after the research I had done I found out it could be cured if detected at an early stage or could be found deadly since its tougher to treat cancer at an later stage. The next few days, were the hardest because my family and I were all trying to adapt to my mother diagnose of breast cancer. We would all keep reminding ourselves everything would turn out to be fine, but in reality we were worried about my mother’s health. The disease didn’t only affect my mother, it affected my entire family especially me. I was deeply affected by it since I was barely attending my first year of college. As a result, I fell into depression, my grades started dropping, and I constantly had the feeling of losing my mother. The thought of losing my mother didn’t make sense to me, therefore I wasn’t sure if I could handle it. This brought me memories about her visits to the doctor previously to the results, after the ultrasound and mammogram showing the tumors being abnormal, I didn’t think much about it and thought the tumors would turn out to be benign. It was until after her biopsy that she was detected with breast cancer stage two which meant her chances increased of surviving this deadly disease, and I learned to appreciate her more than I previously had. The next week, she had her first appointment with the oncologist Dr. Satish D Desai who said, â€Å" Mrs. Fernandez, surgery isn’t an option you need to go through chemotherapy first to shrink the tumors size then we will follow up with surgery†. I didn’t want my mother to get chemotherapy I was against it ,because chemotherapy is a very strong dangerous drug with a lot of side effects which can outweigh the benefits. Eventually, I gave up and accepted the fact that chemotherapy was the best option in order for her to get cured from breast cancer. The following appointment she got her first chemo session I remember after that she felt fatigue and was lying in bed the entire day, as well as her loss of appetite she refused to eat. The following weeks, my mother began to lose her hair due to chemotherapy and began to use beanies as well as wigs to hide her loss of hair that was when her illness really hit me. This was very hard for her to accept she felt insecure without her hair, I tried helping her gain some confidence back, and change her way of thinking by shaving my head so she would not feel alone. I began to help my mother with chores I would cook food for her occasionally when she was weak from the chemotherapies. I began to depend more on myself rather than my parents which was a great feeling. After her chemo sessions were over it was time for surgery I remember she was nervous since it was her first time dealing with anesthesia and I tried comforting her right before surgery by telling her â€Å"Mom, don’t worry you’re strong you will be fine†. The surgery went well, and she followed up by getting radiation therapy which weren’t as bad as chemo sessions. Although, she suffered some side effects like severe burns due to radiation, but it was all worth it because after everything she went through she was cancer free words couldn’t explain the happiness I felt that day. Unfortunately my happiness didn’t last long after a year of being cancer free, my mother noticed a mysterious hard lump under her armpit. She followed up by getting a mammogram and ultrasound which showed the lump to be abnormal once again that required a biopsy for more accurate results. After the biopsy, sadly the results showed it to be cancer once again I was frightened that this time the cancer would have spread to other areas like lungs, liver, and brain which meant it would be tougher to treat. Fortunately, it turned out the cancer hadn’t spread to other areas besides her armpit which meant this time chemotherapy and radiation therapy weren’t needed just surgery which was a relief. Now two years later, my mom is once again cancer free. All these past experiences brought us together more than we previously were and made me appreciate her more. Fortunately she is doing great, and because of that experience I am now the individual I am today I have grown both emotionally and mentally. This event taught me that life is short, and I need to be grateful and appreciate more the people around me.

Orgaanizational Culture and Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orgaanizational Culture and Values - Essay Example The values of an organization and those of the nurse hugely impact on patient care in any health care setting. Nurse’s values are supposed to be guided by professionalism or nursing professional ethics while those of the health care facility should be guided by organizational ethics. It is, therefore, clear that a nurse if only able to perform professionally if the organization has offered an environment to facilitate such performance (Hall, Doran and Pink, 2008). Nurse’s values can also be attributed to their personality which impacts on how a nurse delivers patient care. Organizational culture also tells a lot about its values and when this culture conflicts with the nurse’s professionalism, patient outcome is negatively affected. For example, many health care institutions currently grapple with limited resources including human resource. When the management policy dictates that a single nurse addresses many patients, this hampers on patient outcomes because of minimized attention. Organization values also affect the levels of motivation among nurses because these values foster a particular environment which can either lower of increase motivation levels (Park and Kim, 2009). Therefore, environmental context coupled with nurse’s behaviors bring about distinct levels of motivation. The aggregate situation resulting in the blending of nurse’s values and those of the organization hugely affect patient outcome either positively or negatively as explained above. According to Vandome and McVey (2012) effective communication is an essential ingredient for organizational success. Communication in an organization is either internal or external in nature. Internal communication is primarily between and among the management and the employees while external is between the organization and the outside world or external stakeholders like customers. Workplace challenges are easily overcome through effective